Introduction Ejectors are jet devices that uses a high-pressure fluid to entrain a lower pressure fluid, which will then be mixed and discharged at an intermediate pressure. The device is straightforward, require little to no maintenance and it does not have any moving parts making it more cost effective and […]
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Introduction A waterhammer is a pressure surge created due to sudden stop and/or start of a liquid flow in a piping or pump system. It is usually resulted from abrupt change in liquid flow rate due to the sudden start or stop of pumps, or even sudden closure of valves. […]
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PiPROBLEM STATEMENT Waxy crude oil extraction often comes along with wax gelling and deposition issues in the sub sea transportation pipeline. Once the fluid temperature falls below the fluid’s cloud point ( known as Wax Appearance Temperature, WAT), wax crystals begins to form and snowball if temperature persists to fall. […]
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PROBLEM STATEMENT Continuous processes maximizes production and operate at a considerably lower cost compared to other process method. However, this process method is asset intensive and an unexpected breakdown would cause high production loss. The process is automatically controlled and monitored with the help of control systems such as DCS, […]
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PROBLEM STATEMENT About 80% of the global energy supply depends on fossil fuels including coal, oil and gas. Consider that if fossil fuel demands increases, side effects toward the globe are bound to escalate. Hence, to acquire solution to this problem, alternative energy sources are needed to be urgently developed […]
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INTRODUCTION In recent years, Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control have become a major to the practice of planning, management and the operation of a business as a basic of risk management. Safety engineering is an engineering discipline which encourages that engineered systems provide acceptable levels of safety. Therefore, […]
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PROBLEM STATEMENT In the process of filling or emptying an atmospheric chemical storage tank, it is important that adequate ventilation points are provided at the top of the roof tank to discharge or collect air. During the process of filling a tank with liquid, displacement of air inside the tank occurs, […]
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The Batam system is located on the island of Batam in Riau Islands province. There is also a 150kV interconnector from GI Tanjung Kasam to the islands of Ngenang and Bintan (note that the interconnector is not shown in the network map below). At a Glance Operational systems: Batam, Ngenang […]
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The Sulawesi Bagian Utara (or SULUTGO) system comprises the provinces of Sulawesi Utara and Gorontalo. At a Glance Operational systems: Sulawesi Utara and Gorontalo Operating voltages: 150kV, 20kV, 0.4kV Energy sales (2017): 1,550 GWh Peak load (2017): 384 MW (on 08 February 2017) Installed capacity (2017): 412 MW Firm capacity […]
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The Kalimantan Barat or Khatulistiwa system is the only major interconnected system in the western part of Kalimantan. As of 2016, it has a 230MW cross-border interconnection to the Sarawak Electricity Supply Corporation (SESCO) system in Serawak, Malaysia. At a Glance Operational systems: Kalimantan Barat (Khatulistiwa) Operating voltages: 275kV, 150kV, […]
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