Introduction A waterhammer is a pressure surge created due to sudden stop and/or start of a liquid flow in a piping or pump system. It is usually resulted from abrupt change in liquid flow rate due to the sudden start or stop of pumps, or even sudden closure of valves. […]
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PiPROBLEM STATEMENT Waxy crude oil extraction often comes along with wax gelling and deposition issues in the sub sea transportation pipeline. Once the fluid temperature falls below the fluid’s cloud point ( known as Wax Appearance Temperature, WAT), wax crystals begins to form and snowball if temperature persists to fall. […]
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PROBLEM STATEMENT In the process of filling or emptying an atmospheric chemical storage tank, it is important that adequate ventilation points are provided at the top of the roof tank to discharge or collect air. During the process of filling a tank with liquid, displacement of air inside the tank occurs, […]
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